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Arts&Culture/People DatePosted: 2/1/06


28 years in 28 days (2005)
HarlemLIVE Staff

Over the past 28 years many valuable/notable members of the African American community have passed away. For the 28 days of Black History Month HarlemLIVE's staff will be presenting several people who've died each year.


Shirley Anita S.t Hill Chisholm
(November 30, 1924 ­ January 1, 2005) Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm was an American politician, educator and author. She was a Congresswoman representing New York's 12th District from 1969-1983. In 1968, she became the first African American woman elected to Congress. In 1972, she became the first African American and the first woman to make a serious bid to be President of the United States. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Chisholm retired to Florida and passed away on January 1, 2005.

Ossie Davis
December 18, 1917 – February 4, 2005) Ossie Davis was an African-American actor, film director and activist. Davis was born Raiford Chatman. He attended Howard University, graduating in 1938. His acting career, which spanned seven decades, began in 1939 with the Rose McClendon Players in Harlem. He made his film debut in 1950 in the Sidney Poitier film No Way Out. Davis found recognition late in his life by working in several of director Spike Lee's films, including Do The Right Thing, Jungle Fever, She Hate Me and Get on the Bus. Ossie Davis and his wife, actor Ruby Dee, were well-known civil rights activists. Davis and Dee helped organize (and served as MCs for) the 1963 civil rights March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Davis and wife Ruby Dee were recipients of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004. They were also named to the NAACP Image Awards Hall of Fame in 1989. Davis was found dead on February 4th 2005, in a hotel room in Miami, Florida, of natural causes

Johnnie Cochran
(October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) Johnnie Cochran, attorney for celebrities whose spirited, quotable defense of O.J. Simpson made him a in his own right, died of brain cancer at his Los Angeles home at the age of 67. Cochran, the grandson of a Louisiana sharecropper, had a highly successful career suing police departments for abusing blacks and other minorities before he took on Simpson as a client in 1994. Cochran was born in Shreveport, La., and educated at UCLA and at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles. In his autobiography, A Lawyer's Life, Cochran said his admiration for Thurgood Marshall, persuaded him that a "single dedicated man could use the law to change society." Cochran, who was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor in December 2003, Cochran represented a Haitian immigrant tortured by New York police, a 19-year-old black woman who was shot a dozen times by police as she sat in a locked car and a white trucker who was videotaped being beaten by a mob during the 1992 Los Angeles riots.

Luther Vandross
(April 20, 1951-July 1, 2005) Luther Vandross (born Luther Ronzoni Vandross Jr. ) was an American R&B singer. During his career, Vandross sold 25 million albums and won eight Grammy awards including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance four times. Born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, Vandross grew up in a musical family that moved to the Bronx when he was 13.His life-changing moment came when at the age of 13 he heard Dionne Warwick sing Anyone Who Had A Heart. He knew then that he wanted to be a singer. Vandross also sang backing vocals for artisits like Roberta Flack, Carly Simon, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Chic, Barbra Streisand, and David Bowie brfore he made it big. He eventually made his breakthrough in 1981, with his solo recording debut with the LP "Never Too Much." The album went double platinum, with the song "Never Too Much" reaching #1 on the R&B charts.Vandross released a series of million-selling albums during the 1980s. In 2003, Vandross released the album Dance With My Father in memory of his father.On April 16, 2003, Vandross suffered a stroke in his home in Manhattan. (Although the cause of Vandross' stroke was not specifically attributed to diabetes, diabetics have been identified as being much more susceptible to strokes.) Although he appeared briefly on videotape at the 2004 Grammys to accept his Song of the Year award, he was never seen in public again. Vandross died on July 1, 2005 at John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Edison, New Jersey. He was 54.

John Harold Johnson
(January 19, 1918 – August 8, 2005) John Harold Johnson was the founder of the Johnson Publishing Company, an international media and cosmetics empire that includes Ebony, and Jet magazines, Fashion Fair Cosmetics and EBONY Fashion Fair. Johnson was the first black person to appear on the Forbes 400 Rich List, and had a fortune estimated at close to $600 million. Founded in 1942, Johnson's firm is the largest African American owned publishing company in the world. Johnson Publishing Company also publishes Black Star, Black World and Ebony Jr. magazines. Johnson died of cancer on August 8, 2005 at the age of 87 in Chicago at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

Constance Motley Baker
(September 14, 1921–September 28, 2005) Constance Baker Motley was an African American civil rights activist, lawyer, judge, and state senator. Her legal career began as a law clerk in the fledgling NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), where she worked with Thurgood Marshall, Jack Greenberg, and others. She became Associate Counsel to the LDF, making her the NAACP's lead trial attorney. She argued Meredith v. Fair before the U.S. Supreme Court, successfully winning James Meredith's effort to be the first black student to attend the University of Mississippi. Motley was successful in nine of the ten cases she argued before the Supreme Court, and was otherwise a key legal strategist in the civil rights movement, helping to desegregate Southern schools, buses, and lunch counters. In 1964, Motley became the first African American woman elected to the New York State Senate. In 1965, she was chosen Manhattan Borough President—the first woman and first African American in that position. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson named her a federal court judge—the first African American woman so named—where she continued (including a term as chief judge) until her death. In 1993, she was inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame. In 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Citizens Medal. The NAACP awarded her the Springarn Medal, the organization's highest honor, in 2003. At the time of her death, she was a district judge for the United States District Court Southern District of New York. Motley died of congestive heart failure on September 28, 2005 at NYU Downtown Hospital in New York City.

August Wilson
(April 27, 1945 – October 2, 2005) August Wilson was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American playwright. August Wilson was born Frederick August Kittel in a lower-class black neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Wilson dropped out of school at 15 after being accused of plagiarizing by his teacher. Wilson made such use of the Carnegie Library to educate himself by reading Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, and others. In 1968 he became active in the theatre by founding, Black Horizons on the Hill, a theatre company in Pittsburgh. Wilson's most famous plays are Fences (1985) (which won a Pulitzer Prize and a Tony Award), The Piano Lesson (1990) (a Pulitzer Prize and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award), Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (1982), Joe Turner's Come and Gone (1984), and Gem of the Ocean (2003). He had been diagnosed with liver cancer in June of 2005. He died on October 2, 2005 at Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, Washington.

Shirley Horn
(May 1, 1934 – October 20, 2005) Shirley Horn was an original. Not a scat vocalist but rather a sensitive vocalist: she presented her lyrics with improvisational bending and changing of notes in an artistic style that is the essence of true jazz. She was nominated for multiple Grammys and won the award in 1991 for best jazz vocal performance. As a child prodigy, Shirley Horn began playing piano at age 4 and the next year started formal musical training. At just 12 years of age Horn studied composition at Howard University and at 18 was awarded a scholarship to study at Julliard in New York. In 2004, Horn was honored by the National Endowment for the Arts as a jazz master.

 
Rosa Parks
(February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) Rosa Parks, was a black seamstress from the south whose refusal to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery, Ala., almost 50 years ago grew into a tremendous event that helped spark the beginning of the civil rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's. In refusing to move, she risked legal sanction and perhaps even physical harm, but she also set into motion something far beyond the control of the city authorities. That moment on the Cleveland Avenue bus also turned a very private woman into a reluctant symbol for racial equality. Parks worked as a seamstress until 1965, when Representative John Conyers Jr. hired her as an aide for his Congressional office in Detroit. She retired in 1988. In the last decade, Mrs. Parks was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.
Richard Pryor
(December 1, 1940 – December 10, 2005) Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor III, more known as Richard Pryor, was an American comedian, actor, and writer. He won an Emmy Award in 1973, and five Grammy Awards in 1974, 1975, 1976 1981, and 1982. In 1974 he also won two American Academy of Humor Awards and the Writers Guild of America Award. In 1998, Pryor won the inaugural Mark Twain Prize for American Humor from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Pryor died of cardiac arrest at the age of 65. Early in his career he wrote for such television shows as Sanford and Son, The Flip Wilson Show and a Lily Tomlin special, for which he shared an Emmy Award. Pryor appeared in several popular films including Lady Sings the Blues, The Mack, Uptown Saturday Night, Silver Streak, Which Way Is Up?, Car Wash, The Toy, Superman III (which earned Pryor $4,000,000), Brewster's Millions, Stir Crazy, Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling, Moving, and See No Evil, Hear No Evil. In 1986, Pryor announced that he suffered from multiple sclerosis. Until his death, Pryor and his family were avid supporters of animal rights and the anti-vivisection movement.
© Copyright 2005

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