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Arts&Culture/People
DatePosted:
2/1/06
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28 years in 28 days
(2005)
HarlemLIVE Staff
Over the
past 28 years many valuable/notable members of the
African American community have passed away. For
the 28 days of Black History Month HarlemLIVE's
staff will be presenting several people who've died
each year.
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Shirley
Anita S.t Hill Chisholm
(November 30, 1924 January 1, 2005) Shirley Anita St.
Hill Chisholm was an American politician, educator and author.
She was a Congresswoman representing New York's 12th District
from 1969-1983. In 1968, she became the first African American
woman elected to Congress. In 1972, she became the first
African American and the first woman to make a serious bid
to be President of the United States. In 1993, she was inducted
into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Chisholm retired
to Florida and passed away on January 1, 2005. |
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Ossie
Davis
December 18, 1917 – February
4, 2005) Ossie Davis was an African-American actor, film
director and activist. Davis was born Raiford Chatman. He
attended Howard University, graduating in 1938. His acting
career, which spanned seven decades, began in 1939 with
the Rose McClendon Players in Harlem. He made his film debut
in 1950 in the Sidney Poitier film No Way Out. Davis found
recognition late in his life by working in several of director
Spike Lee's films, including Do The Right Thing, Jungle
Fever, She Hate Me and Get on the Bus. Ossie Davis and his
wife, actor Ruby Dee, were well-known civil rights activists.
Davis and Dee helped organize (and served as MCs for) the
1963 civil rights March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
Davis and wife Ruby Dee were recipients of the Kennedy Center
Honors in 2004. They were also named to the NAACP Image
Awards Hall of Fame in 1989. Davis was found dead on February
4th 2005, in a hotel room in Miami, Florida, of natural
causes |
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Johnnie Cochran
(October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) Johnnie Cochran,
attorney for celebrities whose spirited, quotable defense
of O.J. Simpson made him a in his own right, died of brain
cancer at his Los Angeles home at the age of 67. Cochran,
the grandson of a Louisiana sharecropper, had a highly successful
career suing police departments for abusing blacks and other
minorities before he took on Simpson as a client in 1994.
Cochran was born in Shreveport, La., and educated at UCLA
and at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles. In his autobiography,
A Lawyer's Life, Cochran said his admiration for Thurgood
Marshall, persuaded him that a "single dedicated man
could use the law to change society." Cochran, who
was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor in December
2003, Cochran represented a Haitian immigrant tortured by
New York police, a 19-year-old black woman who was shot
a dozen times by police as she sat in a locked car and a
white trucker who was videotaped being beaten by a mob during
the 1992 Los Angeles riots. |
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Luther Vandross
(April 20, 1951-July 1, 2005) Luther
Vandross (born Luther Ronzoni Vandross Jr. ) was an American
R&B singer. During his career, Vandross sold 25 million
albums and won eight Grammy awards including Best Male
R&B Vocal Performance four times. Born on the Lower
East Side of Manhattan in New York City, Vandross grew
up in a musical family that moved to the Bronx when he
was 13.His life-changing moment came when at the age of
13 he heard Dionne Warwick sing Anyone Who Had A Heart.
He knew then that he wanted to be a singer. Vandross also
sang backing vocals for artisits like Roberta Flack, Carly
Simon, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Chic, Barbra Streisand,
and David Bowie brfore he made it big. He eventually made
his breakthrough in 1981, with his solo recording debut
with the LP "Never Too Much." The album went
double platinum, with the song "Never Too Much"
reaching #1 on the R&B charts.Vandross released a
series of million-selling albums during the 1980s. In
2003, Vandross released the album Dance With My Father
in memory of his father.On April 16, 2003, Vandross suffered
a stroke in his home in Manhattan. (Although the cause
of Vandross' stroke was not specifically attributed to
diabetes, diabetics have been identified as being much
more susceptible to strokes.) Although he appeared briefly
on videotape at the 2004 Grammys to accept his Song of
the Year award, he was never seen in public again. Vandross
died on July 1, 2005 at John F. Kennedy Medical Center
in Edison, New Jersey. He was 54.
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John Harold Johnson
(January 19, 1918 – August 8, 2005) John Harold Johnson
was the founder of the Johnson Publishing Company, an international
media and cosmetics empire that includes Ebony, and Jet
magazines, Fashion Fair Cosmetics and EBONY Fashion Fair.
Johnson was the first black person to appear on the Forbes
400 Rich List, and had a fortune estimated at close to $600
million. Founded in 1942, Johnson's firm is the largest
African American owned publishing company in the world.
Johnson Publishing Company also publishes Black Star, Black
World and Ebony Jr. magazines. Johnson died of cancer on
August 8, 2005 at the age of 87 in Chicago at Northwestern
Memorial Hospital. |
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Constance Motley Baker
(September 14, 1921–September
28, 2005) Constance Baker Motley was an African American
civil rights activist, lawyer, judge, and state senator.
Her legal career began as a law clerk in the fledgling
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), where
she worked with Thurgood Marshall, Jack Greenberg, and
others. She became Associate Counsel to the LDF, making
her the NAACP's lead trial attorney. She argued Meredith
v. Fair before the U.S. Supreme Court, successfully winning
James Meredith's effort to be the first black student
to attend the University of Mississippi. Motley was successful
in nine of the ten cases she argued before the Supreme
Court, and was otherwise a key legal strategist in the
civil rights movement, helping to desegregate Southern
schools, buses, and lunch counters. In 1964, Motley became
the first African American woman elected to the New York
State Senate. In 1965, she was chosen Manhattan Borough
President—the first woman and first African American
in that position. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson named
her a federal court judge—the first African American
woman so named—where she continued (including a
term as chief judge) until her death. In 1993, she was
inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame. In 2001,
President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Citizens
Medal. The NAACP awarded her the Springarn Medal, the
organization's highest honor, in 2003. At the time of
her death, she was a district judge for the United States
District Court Southern District of New York. Motley died
of congestive heart failure on September 28, 2005 at NYU
Downtown Hospital in New York City.
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August
Wilson
(April 27, 1945 – October 2, 2005) August Wilson was
a Pulitzer Prize-winning American playwright. August Wilson
was born Frederick August Kittel in a lower-class black
neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Wilson dropped
out of school at 15 after being accused of plagiarizing
by his teacher. Wilson made such use of the Carnegie Library
to educate himself by reading Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright,
Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, and others. In 1968 he became
active in the theatre by founding, Black Horizons on the
Hill, a theatre company in Pittsburgh. Wilson's most famous
plays are Fences (1985) (which won a Pulitzer Prize and
a Tony Award), The Piano Lesson (1990) (a Pulitzer Prize
and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award), Ma Rainey's
Black Bottom (1982), Joe Turner's Come and Gone (1984),
and Gem of the Ocean (2003). He had been diagnosed with
liver cancer in June of 2005. He died on October 2, 2005
at Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. |
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Shirley Horn
(May 1, 1934 –
October 20, 2005) Shirley Horn was an original. Not a
scat vocalist but rather a sensitive vocalist: she presented
her lyrics with improvisational bending and changing of
notes in an artistic style that is the essence of true
jazz. She was nominated for multiple Grammys and won the
award in 1991 for best jazz vocal performance. As a child
prodigy, Shirley Horn began playing piano at age 4 and
the next year started formal musical training. At just
12 years of age Horn studied composition at Howard University
and at 18 was awarded a scholarship to study at Julliard
in New York. In 2004, Horn was honored by the National
Endowment for the Arts as a jazz master.
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Rosa
Parks
(February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) Rosa Parks,
was a black seamstress from the south whose refusal to give
up her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery,
Ala., almost 50 years ago grew into a tremendous event that
helped spark the beginning of the civil rights movement
of the 1950's and 1960's. In refusing to move, she risked
legal sanction and perhaps even physical harm, but she also
set into motion something far beyond the control of the
city authorities. That moment on the Cleveland Avenue bus
also turned a very private woman into a reluctant symbol
for racial equality. Parks worked as a seamstress until
1965, when Representative John Conyers Jr. hired her as
an aide for his Congressional office in Detroit. She retired
in 1988. In the last decade, Mrs. Parks was awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold
Medal. |
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Richard
Pryor
(December 1, 1940 – December 10, 2005) Richard Franklin
Lennox Thomas Pryor III, more known as Richard Pryor, was
an American comedian, actor, and writer. He won an Emmy
Award in 1973, and five Grammy Awards in 1974, 1975, 1976
1981, and 1982. In 1974 he also won two American Academy
of Humor Awards and the Writers Guild of America Award.
In 1998, Pryor won the inaugural Mark Twain Prize for American
Humor from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
Arts. Pryor died of cardiac arrest at the age of 65. Early
in his career he wrote for such television shows as Sanford
and Son, The Flip Wilson Show and a Lily Tomlin special,
for which he shared an Emmy Award. Pryor appeared in several
popular films including Lady Sings the Blues, The Mack,
Uptown Saturday Night, Silver Streak, Which Way Is Up?,
Car Wash, The Toy, Superman III (which earned Pryor $4,000,000),
Brewster's Millions, Stir Crazy, Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life
Is Calling, Moving, and See No Evil, Hear No Evil. In 1986,
Pryor announced that he suffered from multiple sclerosis.
Until his death, Pryor and his family were avid supporters
of animal rights and the anti-vivisection movement. |
©
Copyright 2005 |
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